Many Caucasians-particularly light-haired, light-skinned women- have osteoporosis or osteopenia at eighteen. In many cases, it turns out they do not get enough vitamin D. There are many other causes of childhood osteoporosis.
Some well known conditions lead to childhood osteopenia or osteoporosis, including: anorexia nervosa/female athlete triad, asthma, chronic liver and kidney disease, cystic fibrosis, deprivational rickets, diabetes, endocrine disorders, GI disorders, neoplastic diseases, neuromuscular disease, organ transplantation, rheumatic diseases, seizure disorders, sickle cell disease. Some more uncommon and rare pediatric disorders that can lead to low bone density include: chondrodysplasias, Cushing syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Gaucher disease, hypophosphatasia, idiopathicjuvenile osteoporosis, muscular dystrophies, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome. “Osteoporosis is a paediatric disease,” so said Charles Dent over thirty years ago, and to a great extent he was right. A high peak bone mass (PBM) may be one of the most important factors in maintaining strong bones in ones elderly years. References: 1. Am J Clin Nutr2007 Jul;86(1):150-8 Risk factors for low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in otherwise healthy children and adolescents Weng FL, Shults J, Leonard MB, Stallings VA, Zemel BS 2. Osteoporosis Clinical Updates The National Osteoporosis Foundation Copyright 2005 3. Cromer BA, Stager M, Bonny A, Lazebnik R, Rome E, Ziegler J, Debanne SM. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, oral contraceptives and bone mineral density in a cohort of adolescent girls J Adolesc Health 2004;35(6):434-42 4. Weaver CM, Teegarden D, Lyle RM, McCabe GP, McCabe LD, Proulx W, Kern M, Sedlock D, Anderson DD, Hillberry BM, Peacock M, Johnston CC. Impact of exercise on bone health and contraindication of oral contraceptive use in young women Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(6):873-80 5. Cromer BA, Blair JM, Mahan JD, Zibners L, Naumovski Z. A prospective comparison of bone density in adolescent girls receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera), levonorgestrel (Norplant), or oral contraceptives. J Pediatr1996;129(5):671-6 6. Scholes D, LaCroix AZ, Ichikawa LE, Barlow WE, Ott SM Change in bone mineral density among adolescent women using and discontinuing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.2005;159(2):139-44 7. MacKelvie KJ, McKay HA, Petit MA, Moran O, Khan K Bone mineral response to a 7-month randomized, controlled, school-based jumping intervention in 121 prepubertal Asian and Caucasian boys: associations with ethnicity and body mass J Bone Miner Res.2002; 17: 834-844 8. MacKelvie KJ, McKay HA, Khan KM, Crocker PRE A school-based loading intervention augments bone mineral accrual in early pubertal girls J Pediatr. 2001; 139 :501-508 9. National Cancer Institute. National Cancer Institute Research on Childhood Cancers. Cancer Facts: Date reviewed: 04/22/2005. Available at http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/6_40.htm. Accessed October 5, 2005 10. Henderson RC, Kairalia J, Abbas A, Stevenson RD, Predicting low bone density in children and young adults with quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol2004;46(6):416-9 11. Buison AM, Kawchak DA, Schall JL, Ohene-Frempong K, Stallings VA, Leonard MB, Zemel BS Bone area and bone mineral content deficits in children with sickle cell disease Pediatrics2005;116(4):943-9 12. Mancini T, Doga M, Mazziotti G, Giustina A Cushing’s Syndrome and Bone Pituitary 2005 11; 13. Draguet C, Gillerot Y, Mornet E Childhood hypophosphatasia: a case report due to a novel mutation Arch Pediatr 2004;11(5):440-3 14. Girschick HJ, Seyberth HW, Huppertz HI Treatment of childhood hypophosphatasia with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Bone 1999;25(5):603-7 15. Stepan JJ, Burckhardt P, Hana V. The effects of three-month intravenous ibandronate on bone mineral density and bone remodeling in Klinefelter’s syndrome: the influence of vitamin D deficiency and hormonal status. Bone2003;33(4):589-96 16. Vanderschueren D, Vandenput L, Boonen S Reversing sex steroid deficiency and optimizing skeletal development in the adolescent with gonadal failure. Endocr Dev. 2005;8:150-65 17. Glorieux FH, Bishop NJ, Plotkin H, Chabot G, Lanoue G, Travers R Cyclic administration of pamidronate in children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta N Engl J Med 1998;339(14):947-52 18. Zeitlin L, Rauch F, Plotkin H, Glorieux FH. Height and weight development during four years of therapy with cyclical intravenous pamidronate in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta types I, III, and IV. Pediatrics.2003;111 (5 Pt 1):1030-6 19. Rauch F, Travers R, Glorieux FH. Pamidronate in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Histomorphometric Effects of Long-Term Therapy J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 Nov 15; 20. Zacharin M, Cundy T. Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome: treatment of spinal osteoporosis with intravenous bisphosphonates J Pediatr. 2000; 137(3):410-5 21. Ballabriga A Morphological and physiological changes during growth: an update Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54 Suppl 1:S1-6
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Eric R. Braverman, M.D.Dr. Braverman is a Summa Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Brandeis University and NYU Medical School, did brain research at Harvard Medical School, and trained at an affiliate of Yale Medical School. He is acknowledged worldwide as an expert in brain-based diagnosis and treatment, and he lectures to and trains doctors in anti-aging medicine. Archives
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